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Determining fetal lung maturity: a sensitive surfactant method.

L W Johnson

    American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    |September 15, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A new method accurately detects fetal lung maturity by identifying saturated phosphatidylcholine in amniotic fluid. This improves delivery decisions, preventing unnecessary delays and respiratory distress in newborns.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Neonatal Medicine
    • Obstetrics

    Background:

    • Fetal lung surfactant presence in amniotic fluid indicates lung maturity and readiness for delivery.
    • Current detection methods struggle to differentiate saturated phosphatidylcholine from other similar lipids in amniotic fluid.
    • This limitation can lead to obscured results and unnecessary delays in patient delivery.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a sensitive method for accurately detecting saturated phosphatidylcholine in amniotic fluid.
    • To overcome limitations of current methods in distinguishing specific surfactant lipids.
    • To provide an unequivocal test for fetal lung maturity.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a method involving selective oxidation of extraneous phosphatidylcholines.

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  • Utilized thin-layer chromatography for the positive determination of intact saturated phosphatidylcholines.
  • Ensured method insensitivity to contaminating lipids from blood or meconium.

    • Main Results:

    • The new method unequivocally identifies disaturated phosphatidylcholine.
    • The technique is rapid and unaffected by common contaminants like blood or meconium.
    • Approximately 50% of tested patients with lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios between 1.4-1.7 showed the presence of this crucial surfactant lipid.

    Conclusions:

    • The described method offers a reliable and sensitive test for fetal lung maturity.
    • Accurate detection of saturated phosphatidylcholine can prevent unnecessary delivery delays.
    • This advancement aids in optimizing delivery timing to reduce neonatal respiratory distress.