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Thyroid disease in children and adolescents.

J G Gogas, J Homatas, D Katsikas

    International Surgery
    |November 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Thyroid nodules in children and adolescents are rare but require surgical treatment. Cancer risk is higher in younger children and boys with nodular thyroid disease.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Endocrinology
    • Surgical Oncology
    • Thyroidology

    Background:

    • Thyroid diseases are uncommon in pediatric populations.
    • Surgical intervention is sometimes necessary for pediatric thyroid conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the surgical management of thyroid diseases in children and adolescents.
    • To determine the prevalence and characteristics of different thyroid pathologies in this age group.
    • To assess the incidence of malignancy in pediatric nodular thyroid disease.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of 73 pediatric patients (ages 5-18) who underwent thyroid surgery.
    • Classification of thyroid diseases including diffuse simple goiter, diffuse toxic goiter, and nodular goiter.
    • Detailed analysis of nodular goiter subtypes, including adenomatous goiter, thyroiditis, lymphoma, and cancer.

    Main Results:

    • Nodular goiter was the most common indication for surgery (44/73 patients).
    • Cancer was diagnosed in 8/44 patients with nodular goiter.
    • The incidence of cancer in nodular goiter was 40% in children under 10 years, compared to 14.7% in those aged 11-18 years.
    • Thyroid nodules were more frequent in girls, but cancer incidence within nodular goiter was higher in boys.

    Conclusions:

    • Nodular thyroid disease is a significant indication for surgery in children and adolescents.
    • Younger children and boys with thyroid nodules face a higher risk of malignancy.
    • Early diagnosis and surgical evaluation are crucial for pediatric thyroid conditions.

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