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Related Experiment Videos

Codeine intoxication in childhood.

K E von Muhlendahl, B Scherf-Rahne, E G Krienke

    Lancet (London, England)
    |August 7, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Acute codeine intoxication in children can cause serious respiratory issues, especially with higher doses. Prompt medical attention and respiratory monitoring are crucial for managing codeine overdose in pediatric patients.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Toxicology
    • Clinical Pharmacology
    • Emergency Medicine

    Background:

    • Codeine is a commonly prescribed opioid analgesic for pain relief in children.
    • Accidental or intentional overdose can lead to significant adverse events.
    • Understanding dose-dependent toxicity is vital for effective management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the clinical outcomes of acute codeine intoxication in a pediatric population.
    • To identify the dose-response relationship between codeine ingestion and adverse effects.
    • To establish management guidelines for codeine overdose in children.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of clinical reports from 430 children with acute codeine intoxication.
    • Categorization of patients based on ingested codeine dose (mg/kg body weight).

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  • Documentation of clinical symptoms, interventions, and outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Of 234 children ingesting >5 mg/kg, 8 experienced respiratory arrest requiring ventilation; 2 died.
    • Other reported symptoms included somnolence, ataxia, miosis, vomiting, rash, swelling, and itching.
    • No life-threatening side-effects were observed in cases with lower codeine doses.

    Conclusions:

    • Close respiratory monitoring is essential for children ingesting >2 mg/kg of codeine.
    • Gastric lavage may be beneficial if performed shortly after ingestion.
    • Administration of charcoal and purgatives is recommended for all cases of codeine intoxication.