Judgments of time intervals by young children

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Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development01:14

Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development

The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
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Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development01:17

Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development

During Piaget's concrete operational stage, from ages 7 to 11, children exhibit a marked increase in logical thinking skills, specifically in relation to tangible, real-world events. This stage is characterized by the development of several essential cognitive concepts, including conservation, reversibility, and classification, all of which support the child's evolving capacity for structured thought.
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
A significant cognitive milestone in the concrete...
Vision During Infancy and Toddlerhood01:23

Vision During Infancy and Toddlerhood

At birth, vision is the least developed of the major senses because the visual system is still structurally and neurologically immature. The retinas, optic nerves, and visual regions of the brain continue to mature after birth. As a result, newborns have limited visual acuity, or sharpness and clarity of vision, and respond best to objects viewed at close range, roughly 8 to 12 inches away.Rapid Visual DevelopmentVision improves rapidly during the first few months as infants observe and...
Imitation During Infancy and Toddlerhood01:27

Imitation During Infancy and Toddlerhood

Imitation is an important form of learning in early childhood, allowing children to learn new behaviors and participate in social interactions. Children imitate others for different purposes. They may copy adults and peers to learn skills and build social connections. Imitation becomes especially important toward the end of the first year.Early Development of ImitationPiaget observed that infants initially imitate actions they can see themselves perform, such as hand or foot movements. By about...
Preoperational Thought II: Object Space and Causality01:29

Preoperational Thought II: Object Space and Causality

Jean Piaget’s preoperational stage, spanning ages 2 to 7, is marked by symbolic thought and the development of spatial and causal reasoning. Although Piaget emphasized the limitations of children’s logic, later research suggests that preschoolers may reason more effectively than he initially proposed.Developing Spatial UnderstandingAround age 3, children begin understanding that two-dimensional images and models can represent real spaces. This allows them to interpret pictures, maps, and scale...
Preoperational Thought IV: Numbers01:16

Preoperational Thought IV: Numbers

Piaget’s preoperational stage, from about ages 2 to 7, is characterized by rapid growth in symbolic thinking. Children increasingly use words, images, and objects to represent ideas, although their reasoning remains largely intuitive. During this period, number sense develops from memorized counting toward an understanding of quantity and basic arithmetic.Counting and CardinalityChildren younger than age 3 may recite number words without fully understanding their numerical meaning. During the...