Effect of respiration on cardiac motion determined by cineangiography. Implications concerning three-dimensional...

Based on 39 cineangiographies in 23 patients performed during respiration with tracing of the cardiac chambers and the diaphragm, it has been found that the heart moves significantly with respiration, approximately half as much as the diaphragm during shallow or normal respiration. The cardiac respiratory motion indicates that gating of the respiratory cycle as well as the cardiac cycle is necessary in three-dimensional reconstruction of the heart using a large number of heart beats for recording.