Plasma insulin responses to oral and intravenous glucose: studies in normal and diabetic sujbjects
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Oral glucose stimulates insulin secretion more than intravenous glucose, involving gut mechanisms. Obesity enhances insulin response, while diabetes impairs it, affecting glucose tolerance.
Area Of Science
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Research
- Physiology
Background
- Insulin secretion is regulated by both blood glucose levels and gastrointestinal factors.
- Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is crucial for metabolic disease research.
Purpose Of The Study
- To investigate the role of alimentary mechanisms in regulating insulin secretion.
- To compare insulin responses in normal, obese, and diabetic individuals.
- To quantify the glycemic component of oral glucose loads in different subject groups.
Main Methods
- Intravenous and oral glucose tolerance tests were administered.
- Plasma insulin responses were measured in normal weight, obese, diabetic, and nondiabetic subjects.
- Studies included subjects with diverted portal circulation to isolate alimentary effects.
Main Results
- Oral glucose elicited significantly higher plasma insulin responses (30-40% more) than intravenous glucose, confirming alimentary regulation.
- Obesity was associated with hypersecretory insulin response, whereas diabetes showed impaired insulin secretion.
- In maturity-onset diabetes, impaired secretion led to increased peripheral glucose circulation and exaggerated late insulin responses.
Conclusions
- Alimentary mechanisms, primarily located in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in insulin secretion.
- Obesity and diabetes distinctly alter insulin secretory responsiveness.
- Impaired insulin secretion in diabetes affects glucose metabolism and contributes to altered insulin responses during oral glucose tolerance tests.