Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 23, 2026
08:21
A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis
Published on: October 26, 2020
Experimental intrarenal reflux and blood pressure
British Journal of Experimental Pathology
|December 1, 1977
Summary
Experimental vesico-ureteric reflux in rats causes transient blood pressure changes due to pyelovenous backflow. This effect was confirmed by dye tracing and pelvic rupture pressure measurements.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Urology
- Physiology
Background:
- Vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) can impact renal function and systemic hemodynamics.
- Understanding the immediate physiological effects of VUR is crucial for clinical management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the acute effects of experimental vesico-ureteric reflux on systemic blood pressure in rats.
- To elucidate the mechanism behind observed blood pressure changes during reflux.
Main Methods:
- Inducing experimental vesico-ureteric reflux in adult female Wistar rats using saline and distilled water.
- Measuring systemic blood pressure changes before, during, and after reflux.
- Utilizing lissamine green dye to trace pyelovenous backflow and assessing pelvic rupture pressure.
Main Results:
- Reflux with saline or distilled water caused transient increases and subsequent decreases in blood pressure.
- Dividing ureters prevented the initial blood pressure rise, suggesting a role for backflow.
- Lissamine green dye rapidly appeared in peripheral capillaries, confirming pyelovenous backflow.
- Pelvic epithelium rupture occurred at a mean pressure of 99 mmHg.
Conclusions:
- Blood pressure fluctuations during vesico-ureteric reflux are primarily caused by pyelovenous backflow.
- The findings provide direct evidence for the hemodynamic consequences of VUR.
Related Concept Videos
01:18Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure
Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
01:30Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is abundant in lung endothelial cells. ACE converts the inactive decapeptide, angiotensin I, into the active octapeptide, angiotensin II. This potent vasoconstrictor narrows blood vessels, increasing resistance to blood flow and elevating blood pressure. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone production, encouraging kidney cells to reabsorb more sodium and water from urine, thereby increasing...
01:25Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
01:13Introduction to Urinary System
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...
01:29Physiology of the Genitourinary System I: Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration
The kidneys are vital organs responsible for regulating blood filtration, waste excretion, and fluid balance, all of which are crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Renal physiology examines renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and urine formation, ensuring the body’s internal environment remains stable.Renal Blood FlowThe kidneys receive about 20-25% of the cardiac output, typically around 1200 mL of blood per minute in an average adult. Blood flows into the kidneys through the renal...
01:30Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...