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Related Concept Videos

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters

Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...

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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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[State of Fungal Lipases of Rhizopus microsporus, Penicillium sp. and Oospora lactis in Border Layers Water-Solid Phase and Factors Affecting Catalytic Properties of Enzymes].

Prikladnaia biokhimiia i mikrobiologiia·2015
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[Purification of extracellular proteinases from B. subtilis SKB 256 by biospecific chromatography].

Prikladnaia biokhimiia i mikrobiologiia·2011
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[Enzymatic conversion of invertase substrates in a water-organic medium].

Prikladnaia biokhimiia i mikrobiologiia·2006
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[Isolation of myoinositol from solutions of enzymatic biotransformation].

Prikladnaia biokhimiia i mikrobiologiia·2003
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[Immunoenzyme assay of staphylococcal toxin using polyamide micropore membranes].

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
07:26

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes

Published on: October 15, 2016

[Immobilized phospholipase D].

M M Rakhimov, Sh R Mad'iarov, A Kh Abdumalikov

    Biokhimiia (Moscow, Russia)
    |March 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Immobilized phospholipase D exhibits altered properties compared to its soluble form, suggesting it may function optimally only when adsorbed onto silica gels. This study explores enzyme immobilization effects.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Enzymology
    • Surface Chemistry

    Context:

    • Investigating enzyme behavior upon immobilization is crucial for biocatalysis.
    • Silica gels are common supports for enzyme immobilization.
    • Phospholipase D (PLD) is an enzyme with various biotechnological applications.

    Purpose:

    • To study the adsorption of phospholipase D (PLD) onto silica gels.
    • To compare the properties of immobilized PLD with its soluble form.
    • To explore the role of activators in the context of adsorption immobilization.

    Summary:

    • Phospholipase D adsorption on silica gels was investigated.
    • Immobilized PLD demonstrated different thermostability, pH optima, and activation requirements compared to soluble PLD.

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    Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates
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    A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2
    10:31

    A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2

    Published on: September 26, 2025

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

    Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
    07:26

    Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes

    Published on: October 15, 2016

    Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates
    08:59

    Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates

    Published on: November 23, 2016

    A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2
    10:31

    A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2

    Published on: September 26, 2025

  • The study posits that phospholipase D might function exclusively in an immobilized state, with a potential link between activator use and adsorption.

    • Impact:

    • Provides insights into enzyme behavior modification through immobilization.
    • Suggests potential for tailored enzyme applications using immobilized phospholipase D.
    • Contributes to understanding enzyme-immobilization interactions and their functional consequences.