Brain metabolism during increased intracranial pressure as assessed by niroscopy

Intracranial pressure was increased in cats by infusion of "mock" cerebrospinal fluid into the cisterna magna. This condition was then treated by hyperventilation. In addition to direct measurement of intracranial pressure, cerebral metabolism was assessed by near infrared spectrophotometric (niroscopic) measurement of cytochrome a,a3 redox state and the quantity of reduced and oxygenated hemoglobin in the illuminated brain. Cerebral perfusion was assessed by injection of Cardio-Green. Increased intracranial pressure resulted in the expected reduction in cytochrome a,a3,a decrease in HbO2, an increase in Hb, and a reduction of blood flow. The vasoconstriction produced by hyperventilation, while reducing intracranial pressure, produced a further reduction in cytochrome a,a3 and HbO2, with no improvement in blood flow. The data illustrate the fallacy of governing therapy solely by intracranial pressure and demonstrate the need for a direct assessment of brain metabolism. The data also demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of niroscopy as a noninvasive monitor of the brain metabolism if applied to patients at risk for increased intracranial pressure.