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Related Concept Videos

RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Examination of the Telomere G-overhang Structure in Trypanosoma brucei
15:25

Examination of the Telomere G-overhang Structure in Trypanosoma brucei

Published on: January 27, 2011

Trypanosome mRNAs share a common 5' spliced leader sequence.

M Parsons, R G Nelson, K P Watkins

    Cell
    |August 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A conserved 35-nucleotide leader sequence is found on most trypanosome messenger RNAs (mRNAs). This leader sequence plays a role in regulating gene expression across different life stages.

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    Last Updated: May 7, 2026

    Examination of the Telomere G-overhang Structure in Trypanosoma brucei
    15:25

    Examination of the Telomere G-overhang Structure in Trypanosoma brucei

    Published on: January 27, 2011

    High-throughput Gene Tagging in Trypanosoma brucei
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    Published on: August 12, 2016

    Single Cell Multiplex Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction After Patch-clamp
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    Single Cell Multiplex Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction After Patch-clamp

    Published on: June 20, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Parasitology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Trypanosomes possess unique RNA processing mechanisms.
    • A 5' leader sequence was previously identified on specific trypanosome mRNAs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of the 5' leader sequence in trypanosome mRNAs.
    • To understand the regulatory potential of this leader sequence.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of cDNA libraries.
    • Characterization of leader-containing RNA transcripts.

    Main Results:

    • A 35-nucleotide leader sequence is present on a majority of trypanosome mRNAs.
    • Leader-containing transcripts exhibit diverse expression patterns (stage-specific, regulated, constitutive).
    • No direct linkage was found between genomic leader sequences and gene exons.

    Conclusions:

    • The 5' leader sequence is a common feature of trypanosome mRNAs.
    • This leader sequence likely contributes to the complex regulation of gene expression in trypanosomes.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of leader sequence addition.