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A neurophysiological study among Chinese CS2-exposed workers.

M Hirata, K Sugimoto, J Misumi

    Giornale Italiano Di Medicina Del Lavoro
    |May 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study found that chronic exposure to low levels of carbon disulfide (CS2) significantly reduced nerve conduction velocities in Chinese viscose rayon workers. Peripheral nerve effects appeared before any retinal changes, indicating early neurotoxicity.

    Area of Science:

    • Occupational Health
    • Neurotoxicology
    • Environmental Medicine

    Background:

    • Carbon disulfide (CS2) exposure is a known risk in industries like viscose rayon production.
    • Previous studies have indicated potential neurotoxic effects of CS2, but data on extremely low exposure levels is limited.
    • Assessing peripheral neurotoxicity at sub-2 ppm CS2 levels is crucial for worker safety.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the peripheral neurotoxicity of chronic, extremely low-level carbon disulfide (CS2) exposure (<2 ppm TWA-8hr).
    • To compare neurophysiological findings in exposed Chinese viscose rayon workers with age-matched unexposed controls.
    • To determine if peripheral nerve effects manifest earlier than retinal changes.

    Main Methods:

    • Neurophysiological examination of 70 male viscose rayon workers exposed to CS2 and 70 age-matched unexposed controls.

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  • Measurement of conduction velocities (motor, sensory, slow motor fibers) of the right ulnar nerve.
  • Assessment of current personal CS2 exposure using passive dosimetry (average 1.45 ppm) and review of historical area sampling data.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant reductions in motor and slow motor fiber conduction velocities of the ulnar nerve were observed in CS2-exposed workers.
    • Current personal CS2 exposure levels were very low (average 1.45 ppm), with excellent historical occupational hygiene.
    • No retinopathy was detected in the exposed group during a prior medical survey.

    Conclusions:

    • Chronic exposure to extremely low levels of CS2 (<2 ppm) can cause peripheral neurotoxicity, evidenced by reduced nerve conduction velocities.
    • Peripheral neurotoxic effects of CS2 may precede ocular (retinal) manifestations.
    • Maintaining extremely good occupational hygiene is critical to minimize CS2-induced neurotoxicity in industrial settings.