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Cannabis, atropine, and temporal information processing.

R E Hicks, C T Gualtieri, J P Mayo

    Neuropsychobiology
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) speeds up the subjective experience of time passage, while atropine does not. This effect impacts the ongoing perception of time, not just memory of duration.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychopharmacology
    • Cognitive Neuroscience
    • Human Time Perception

    Background:

    • The subjective experience of time is influenced by various neurochemical systems.
    • Previous research suggests a role for acetylcholine in time perception, but its specific involvement with cannabinoids is unclear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of (-)-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and atropine sulfate on the subjective rate of time passage (STR).
    • To determine whether THC's effect on STR is mediated by central acetylcholine activity.
    • To differentiate between THC's impact on the ongoing experience of time versus memory for temporal duration.

    Main Methods:

    • Experiment 1: Subjects performed duration productions after receiving intravenous atropine sulfate or saline, and after smoking cigarettes with or without THC, under no-counting instructions.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Experiment 2: Replicated THC administration, but with subjects counting subjective seconds to assess the impact on ongoing time experience.

    • Main Results:

    • THC significantly increased the subjective time rate (STR), making time feel faster.
    • Atropine sulfate had no significant effect on STR.
    • The effect of THC on STR was consistent whether subjects were counting or not, indicating an impact on the experience of time as it passes.

    Conclusions:

    • Central acetylcholine activity reduction is not the sole mechanism behind THC's influence on subjective time perception.
    • THC alters the ongoing subjective experience of time passage, rather than solely affecting the memory of elapsed duration.
    • These findings contribute to understanding the neurobiological basis of time perception and the psychopharmacological effects of cannabinoids.