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Structure and evolution of calcium-modulated proteins.

R H Kretsinger

    CRC Critical Reviews in Biochemistry
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Calcium acts as a crucial intracellular second messenger, binding to specific calcium-modulated proteins to regulate cellular functions. This review explores the evolutionary basis for calcium

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    Area of Science:

    • Cellular Biology
    • Biochemistry
    • Evolutionary Biology

    Background:

    • Intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) play vital roles in cellular signaling.
    • Understanding calcium's precise mechanisms of action is key to deciphering cellular processes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the primary role of calcium as an intracellular second messenger.
    • To explore the nature of calcium's interactions with cellular targets.
    • To investigate the evolutionary origins of calcium's unique signaling role.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing scientific literature on intracellular calcium signaling.
    • Comparative analysis of intracellular calcium-modulated proteins and extracellular calcium-binding proteins.
    • Examination of protein homology and structural properties.

    Main Results:

    • Calcium primarily functions intracellularly by binding to specific calcium-modulated proteins, not by charge transfer or lipid binding.
    • Calcium-modulated proteins, including those in calcium transport, are largely homologous.
    • Extracellular calcium-binding proteins lack homology with intracellular calcium-modulated proteins.

    Conclusions:

    • Calcium's intracellular signaling is mediated through binding to homologous calcium-modulated proteins.
    • The distinct structural and functional properties of these proteins underpin calcium's role.
    • Evolution likely favored calcium as the sole inorganic second messenger due to these properties.

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