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Neuronal changes in experimental gliomas.

P L Lantos, G J Pilkington

    Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology
    |July 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Ethylnitrosourea-induced gliomas in rats reveal significant neuronal damage, particularly within tumors. Tumor type and malignancy grade correlate with neuronal alteration severity, impacting organelles and axons.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Oncology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Gliomas are primary brain tumors originating from glial cells.
    • Understanding the impact of gliomas on neuronal structures is crucial for prognosis and treatment.
    • Ethylnitrosourea (ENU) is a known mutagen used to induce experimental tumors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the fine structural changes in neurons within experimentally induced gliomas.
    • To correlate neuronal damage with tumor characteristics like location, histological type, and grade of malignancy.

    Main Methods:

    • Gliomas were induced transplacentally in pregnant rats using ethylnitrosourea.
    • Ultrastructural analysis of neurons in tumorous and neighboring brain tissue was performed.
    • Histological typing and grading of gliomas were conducted.

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  • Activity of hydrolytic enzymes (acid phosphatase, thiamine pyrophosphatase) was assessed in degenerating neurons.

    • Main Results:

    • Neuronal damage severity varied based on location (within tumors vs. surrounding brain) and glioma type/grade.
    • Periventricular pleomorphic gliomas and high-grade ependymomas caused the most severe neuronal alterations.
    • Neurons showed a range of changes from normality to necrosis, affecting nucleus and cytoplasm (RER, mitochondria).
    • Axonal degeneration and myelin sheath disintegration were observed, with glial cell involvement.
    • Decreased acid phosphatase and thiamine pyrophosphatase activity correlated with neuronal degeneration.

    Conclusions:

    • Experimental gliomas induce significant ultrastructural damage to surrounding and intra-tumoral neurons.
    • Neuronal injury is modulated by glioma's histological type, malignancy grade, and spatial relationship to the tumor.
    • Enzyme activity changes in neurons reflect the degenerative processes occurring during gliomagenesis.