Genetic engineering: possibilities and prospects for its application in industrial microbiology

A wide range of techniques is now available for the construction of hybrid DNA molecules comprising components from disparate species. Transfer of segments of DNA from other organisms, and especially eukaryotes, to Escherichia coli permits their preparation in quantities sufficient for detailed analysis of their structure and mechanism of expression. This information could be exploited to enhance the quantity or quality of polypeptide products from bacterial cells. Greatly increased yields of bacterial enzymes have been obtained in this way in several instances. The approaches that have been pioneered with bacteria are currently being applied to higher organisms. Much work is in progress with yeasts, in which transformation has been successfully demonstrated, with animal viruses and cells in culture and with some plant systems and offers the promise of wider application of genetic engineering in the not too distant future.