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Related Experiment Videos

Pneumococcal vaccine and otitis media.

P H Mäkelä, M Sibakov, E Herva

    Lancet (London, England)
    |September 13, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    A pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine reduced otitis media attacks in children over 6 months old. The vaccine showed 58% overall efficacy, with better results in children over 2 years old.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pediatrics
    • Immunology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Otitis media is a common childhood infection.
    • Pneumococcal bacteria are a leading cause of otitis media.
    • Vaccine development aims to prevent bacterial infections.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of a 14-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in preventing otitis media in children.
    • To assess antibody responses to pneumococcal polysaccharides in different age groups.
    • To determine if previous otitis media attacks affect vaccine efficacy.

    Main Methods:

    • Randomized controlled trial involving 827 children aged 3 months to 6 years.
    • Comparison between a 14-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and a control vaccine (Haemophilus influenzae type b).

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  • Monitoring of otitis media attacks and serum antibody responses post-vaccination.

    • Main Results:

    • Satisfactory antibody responses to most vaccine polysaccharides in children >6 months old, except for type 6A.
    • No clinical protection observed below 6 months or against type 6 pneumococci.
    • Significantly fewer otitis media attacks in vaccinated children (>6 months) caused by vaccine types (excluding 6A) compared to controls (p < 0.001).
    • Statistically significant protection against type 19F (p < 0.01).
    • Overall vaccine efficacy of 58%, higher in children >2 years old.
    • Previous otitis media attacks did not impact vaccine efficacy.

    Conclusions:

    • The 14-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is effective in preventing otitis media in children over 6 months of age.
    • Vaccine efficacy varies by pneumococcal serotype and age group.
    • Further research may be needed to improve protection against specific serotypes like 6A and in younger children.