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Slow-reacting substances and their structural elucidation.

P J Piper, M N Samhoun, J R Tippins

    Ciba Foundation Symposium
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers elucidated the structure of slow-reacting substances (SRSs), including slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), which are implicated in asthma. The novel peptidolipid structure provides insight into hypersensitivity reactions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Immunology
    • Organic Chemistry

    Background:

    • Slow-reacting substances (SRSs) are implicated in hypersensitivity reactions like asthma.
    • The precise structure of SRSs, particularly slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), remained unknown for over forty years.
    • Arachidonic acid is a known precursor in SRS biosynthesis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the chemical structure of SRS-A and related SRSs.
    • To understand the role of SRSs in hypersensitivity and bronchoconstriction.
    • To develop methods for purifying and characterizing SRSs.

    Main Methods:

    • Purification of SRS-A using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
    • Spectroscopic analysis, including ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, to identify structural moieties.

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  • Mass spectrometry and analytical protein chemistry to elucidate the structure of SRS from rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) cells.

    • Main Results:

    • Extensively purified SRS-A exhibited a characteristic UV spectrum, revealing a conjugated triene moiety.
    • The structure of a biologically active SRS from RBL-1 cells was determined.
    • This SRS was identified as the novel peptidolipid 5-hydroxy-6-cysteinylglycinyl-7,9,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid.

    Conclusions:

    • The structural elucidation of SRS-A and a related SRS provides critical insights into their function.
    • Understanding these structures is vital for comprehending hypersensitivity reactions such as asthma.
    • The identified peptidolipid structure opens new avenues for research into inflammatory and allergic responses.