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Octopamine--after a decade as a putative neuroregulator.

H A Robertson

    Essays in Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Octopamine functions as a crucial neuroregulator in invertebrates, acting via specific receptors and pathways. Its roles as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator vary across different systems.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Invertebrate Biology
    • Neurochemistry

    Background:

    • Octopamine is prevalent in higher invertebrates, present in specific neurons.
    • Its release upon stimulation and interaction with receptors are key features.
    • Mechanisms for octopamine's action termination include re-uptake and N-acetylation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate octopamine's status as a neuroregulator in invertebrates.
    • To differentiate its roles as a neurotransmitter versus a neuromodulator.
    • To explore the functions of octopaminergic systems in various invertebrate models.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on octopaminergic systems.
    • Analysis of octopamine's presence and concentration in invertebrates.

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  • Examination of octopamine's interaction with receptors and signaling pathways (e.g., adenylate cyclase).

    • Main Results:

    • Octopamine is confirmed as a neuroregulator in invertebrates.
    • Observed roles include neuromodulation in lobster and DUM neuron systems.
    • In firefly lanterns, octopamine acts as a neurotransmitter, triggering a response.

    Conclusions:

    • Octopamine's function is context-dependent, acting as both a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate its role in the central nervous system of arthropods.