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Dyskinesia: animal experimental correlates.

K E Moore

    Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Neuroleptic withdrawal can cause reversible movement disorders due to dopamine receptor supersensitivity. However, persistent tardive dyskinesia likely involves irreversible changes, with dopamine system overactivity suspected but not fully explained by current animal models.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuropharmacology
    • Movement Disorders

    Background:

    • Chronic neuroleptic administration can lead to changes in dopamine (DA) transmission.
    • Abrupt cessation of neuroleptics in animal models shows increased DA agonist effects, suggesting receptor supersensitivity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the mechanisms underlying reversible withdrawal dyskinesias and persistent tardive dyskinesia.
    • To explore the role of dopamine (DA) system overactivity in extrapyramidal disorders.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of behavioral studies in animals.
    • Analysis of pharmacological evidence regarding dopamine (DA) pathways.
    • Examination of existing literature on neuroleptic-induced brain changes.

    Main Results:

    • Disuse supersensitivity of DA receptors may explain reversible withdrawal dyskinesias.
    • Persistent tardive dyskinesia is unlikely solely due to receptor supersensitivity, suggesting irreversible changes.
    • Limited evidence for neuroleptic-induced degenerative brain changes exists.

    Conclusions:

    • The etiology of tardive dyskinesia remains unclear.
    • Pharmacological data point to functional overactivity in DA-mediated extrapyramidal mechanisms.
    • Current animal models do not fully explain the observed overactivity in tardive dyskinesia.

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