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[Psychophysiological selection: status and prospects].

N N Gurovskiĭ, M A Novikov

    Kosmicheskaia Biologiia I Aviakosmicheskaia Meditsina
    |March 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Psychophysiological selection of cosmonauts evolved from basic expertise to complex methods including personality and biorhythmological assessments for optimal space crew selection.

    Area of Science:

    • Aerospace Medicine
    • Psychology
    • Human Factors Engineering

    Background:

    • The USSR's cosmonaut selection initially relied on psychoneurological expertise and aviation psychology.
    • Advancements in instrumentation and simulation flights enhanced psychophysiological research capabilities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the historical development of psychophysiological selection methods for cosmonauts in the USSR.
    • To examine the evolving criteria and methodologies necessitated by increasingly complex space missions.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of historical data from psychoneurological expertise and aviation psychology.
    • Integration of instrumentation, simulation flights, and personality testing.
    • Incorporation of biorhythmological assessments and self-regulation studies.

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    Main Results:

    • Selection criteria adapted to include personality traits for non-pilot specialists.
    • Current methods emphasize biorhythms and the cosmonaut's ability to control emotional and autonomic responses.
    • Group dynamics and rational crew composition are key considerations.

    Conclusions:

    • Psychophysiological selection has progressively incorporated more sophisticated methods to meet mission demands.
    • Future cosmonaut selection will likely focus on advanced individual and group adaptability assessments.