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Related Experiment Videos

Serum thyroglobulin in thyroid cancer.

E G Black, A Cassoni, T M Gimlette

    Lancet (London, England)
    |August 29, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) monitoring effectively detects differentiated thyroid cancer recurrence, especially when patients receive thyroxine (T4) therapy. This method offers high accuracy, potentially replacing radioactive iodine scans for patient follow-up.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Oncology
    • Nuclear Medicine

    Background:

    • Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) management involves monitoring for recurrence.
    • Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a tumor marker for DTC, but its reliability can be affected by various factors.
    • Thyroxine (T4) therapy is standard post-thyroidectomy to suppress TSH and potential cancer growth.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) as a marker for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).
    • To assess the impact of thyroxine (T4) therapy and anti-Tg antibodies on Tg assay reliability.
    • To compare the efficacy of serum Tg monitoring versus radioactive iodine scans for DTC follow-up.

    Main Methods:

    • Serum Tg levels were measured in 274 patients with DTC.

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  • Patients included those who had undergone thyroidectomy and iodine-131 ablation.
  • Tg measurements were analyzed in patients both on and off T4 therapy, with and without anti-Tg antibodies.

    • Main Results:

    • Serum Tg accurately reflected cancer presence in 83% of patients not on T4 therapy.
    • This accuracy significantly improved to 97.5% in patients receiving T4 therapy.
    • Tg levels were consistently low (<5 µg/L) in patients in remission on T4, and T4 did not suppress Tg in most patients with active cancer.

    Conclusions:

    • Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) is a highly reliable marker for detecting differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) recurrence, particularly when patients are on thyroxine (T4) therapy.
    • The presence of anti-Tg antibodies did not significantly interfere with Tg assay accuracy.
    • Serum Tg monitoring is proposed as a superior alternative to routine radioactive iodine scans for post-treatment surveillance of DTC patients.