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Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and multiple sclerosis.

Lancet (London, England)

|October 10, 1981

Summary

Multiple sclerosis (MS) may be caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in individuals without herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) immunity. This epidemiological study explores the link between HSV-1 and HSV-2 prevalence and MS incidence.

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Area of Science:

Virology
Epidemiology
Neurology

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease with complex etiology.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are common viral infections.
Existing research suggests potential links between viral infections and MS development.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and examine a hypothesis linking herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) to multiple sclerosis (MS) in individuals lacking prior herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) immunity.
To compare the epidemiological patterns of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections with the incidence of MS.
To investigate the potential protective role of HSV-1 immunity against MS.

Main Methods:

Comparative epidemiological analysis of MS, HSV-1, and HSV-2.
Examination of age-specific incidence data for viral infections and MS.
Correlation of geographic variations in HSV-1 immunity with latitude and potential environmental factors like ultraviolet irradiation.

Main Results:

The age of initial detection and peak incidence for HSV-2 infections closely mirrors that of MS.
An inverse relationship between HSV-1 immunity levels and latitude was observed, potentially influenced by ultraviolet irradiation.
Prior HSV-1 immunity appears to be inversely related to the subsequent risk of developing MS.

Conclusions:

The proposed hypothesis suggests that MS may result from HSV-2 infection in individuals without HSV-1 immunity.
Epidemiological data on HSV-2 incidence and MS align, supporting the proposed viral link.
Factors influencing HSV-1 immunity, such as latitude and UV exposure, may indirectly affect MS risk, and HSV-1 immunity may offer protection against MS.

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