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GABA and the enteric nervous system. A neurotransmitter function?

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry

|August 11, 1981

Summary

The enteric nervous system (ENS), part of the autonomic nervous system, shows unique GABA properties. Evidence suggests GABA-ergic neurons may exist in the ENS, unlike in other peripheral nervous system divisions.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Gastroenterology
Autonomic Nervous System Research

Background:

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is the third division of the vertebrate autonomic nervous system.
GABA and its related properties in the ENS have been understudied compared to other nervous system parts.
The ENS exhibits both similarities and differences in GABAergic functions compared to the peripheral nervous system.

Purpose of the Study:

To comprehensively review existing investigations on GABA and GABA-related properties within the ENS.
To highlight the unique characteristics of GABAergic signaling in the ENS.
To explore the potential presence of GABA-ergic neurons in the ENS.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on GABA receptors, transport sites, and related enzyme (GAD) content in the ENS.
Analysis of studies on the effects of GABA receptor blockade on gut motility.
Examination of GABA release mechanisms in the ENS.

Main Results:

Enteric neurons possess bicuculline and picrotoxin-sensitive GABA receptors, leading to depolarization via Cl- conductance.
Enteric glial cells exhibit beta-alanine sensitive high-affinity GABA transport.
Evidence suggests a population of GABA-ergic neurons may exist in enteric ganglia, a finding previously thought unique to the central nervous system.

Conclusions:

The ENS displays distinct GABAergic features compared to other peripheral nervous system components.
The presence of GABA-ergic neurons in the ENS is supported by high-affinity GABA transport sites, GAD content, and functional studies.
Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the role of GABA in the complex ENS.

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