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Photobiomodulation Under Electroencephalographic Controls of Sleep for Stimulation of Lymphatic Removal of Toxins from Mouse Brain07:56

Photobiomodulation Under Electroencephalographic Controls of Sleep for Stimulation of Lymphatic Removal of Toxins from Mouse Brain

This study presents an original and portable tPBM technology under electroencephalographic (EEG) control of deep or non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in non-anesthetized male C57BL/6 mice of different ages to stimulate lymphatic clearance of Aβ from the brain into the peripheral lymphatic system (the deep cervical lymph nodes,...
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Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice08:45

Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice

The recording of electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) in freely behaving mice is a critical step to correlate behavior and physiology with sleep and wakefulness. The experimental protocol described herein provides a cable-based system for acquiring EEG and EMG recordings in...
25.2K
Simultaneous Electroencephalography, Real-time Measurement of Lactate Concentration and Optogenetic Manipulation of Neuronal Activity in the Rodent Cerebral Cortex10:45

Simultaneous Electroencephalography, Real-time Measurement of Lactate Concentration and Optogenetic Manipulation of Neuronal Activity in the Rodent Cerebral Cortex

A procedure is described for manipulating the activity of cerebral cortical pyramidal neurons optogenetically while the electroencephalogram, electromyogram, and cerebral lactate concentration are monitored. Experimental recordings are performed on cable-tethered mice while they undergo spontaneous sleep/wake cycles. Optogenetic equipment is assembled in our laboratory; recording equipment is commercially...
20.8K
Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila12:16

Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila

To understand a link between the immune response and behavior, we describe a method to measure locomotor behavior in Drosophila during bacterial infection as well as the ability of flies to mount an immune response by monitoring survival, bacterial load, and real-time activity of a key regulator of innate immunity,...
15.9K
Drug Concentration Versus Time Correlation01:15

Drug Concentration Versus Time Correlation

The plasma drug concentration-time curve is a crucial tool in pharmacokinetics, representing the drug's concentration in plasma at different time intervals post-administration. This curve illustrates the drug's journey from absorption into the systemic circulation, distribution to body tissues, and eventual elimination through excretion or biotransformation.
Two pivotal parameters are the minimum effective concentration (MEC) and the minimum toxic concentration (MTC). The MEC is the...
2.0K
The Integrated Rate Law: The Dependence of Concentration on Time02:39

The Integrated Rate Law: The Dependence of Concentration on Time

While the differential rate law relates the rate and concentrations of reactants, a second form of rate law called the integrated rate law relates concentrations of reactants and time. Integrated rate laws can be used to determine the amount of reactant or product present after a period of time or to estimate the time required for a reaction to proceed to a certain extent. For example, an integrated rate law helps determine the length of time a radioactive material must be stored for its...
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