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Metabolic and functional defects in selenium deficiency.

A T Diplock

    Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
    |August 14, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Selenium is an essential trace element crucial for human health, playing a key role in antioxidant enzymes like glutathione peroxidase. Its deficiency is linked to Keshan disease, a cardiomyopathy, highlighting selenium

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Human Nutrition
    • Trace Element Metabolism

    Background:

    • Selenium is an integral component of glutathione peroxidase, a key antioxidant enzyme.
    • The biological roles of selenium, its interactions with other nutrients, and its importance in human health are under investigation.
    • Complex interrelations exist between vitamin E, selenium, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review current knowledge on the biological role of selenium.
    • To explore selenium's interactions with other nutrients, particularly trace elements.
    • To emphasize the significance of selenium in human nutrition and health, including its link to Keshan disease.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of existing research on selenium's biological functions and nutritional importance.

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  • Analysis of the biochemical pathways involving glutathione peroxidase and its interaction with reactive oxygen species.
  • Comparative analysis of blood selenium levels in populations with and without Keshan disease.

    • Main Results:

    • Selenium, via glutathione peroxidase, regulates intracellular hydrogen peroxide, impacting active oxygen metabolite formation.
    • Vitamin E influences lipid hydroperoxide formation and membrane phospholipid structure.
    • Keshan disease, a cardiomyopathy in China, is directly linked to exceptionally low blood selenium levels, establishing selenium as an essential trace element for humans.

    Conclusions:

    • Selenium is an essential trace element vital for human health, primarily through its role in antioxidant defense systems.
    • Keshan disease serves as the first definitive evidence of selenium's essentiality in the human diet.
    • Understanding selenium's interactions with other nutrients is critical for optimizing human nutrition and preventing deficiency-related diseases.