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An appraisal of the newer trace elements
Summary
The essentiality of trace elements like vanadium, fluorine, silicon, nickel, and arsenic in biological systems is reviewed. Evidence suggests tin may also play an essential role, impacting human and animal health.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Nutrition Science
- Toxicology
Background:
- Established criteria define essential elements for life.
- Trace elements are crucial for biological functions.
- Understanding newer trace elements is vital for health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review evidence for the essentiality of specific trace elements.
- To discuss the biochemical functions of these elements.
- To explore their significance in human and animal health.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of established criteria for essentiality.
- Analysis of studies demonstrating biological roles and deficiency effects.
- Examination of evidence from multiple species and laboratories.
Main Results:
- Vanadium, fluorine, silicon, nickel, and arsenic meet established essentiality criteria.
- Evidence suggests tin may also be an essential element.
- Biochemical functions and health impacts are discussed.
Conclusions:
- Several 'newer' trace elements are confirmed essential.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of elements like tin.
- These elements have significant implications for health and nutrition.