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Updated: Apr 3, 2026

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Driving records before and during methadone maintenance.

J F Maddux, T R Williams, J A Ziegler

    The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
    |January 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Former heroin users had more speeding tickets after starting methadone maintenance. Driving records, excluding speeding, did not significantly change, suggesting methadone patients can retain driving privileges.

    Area of Science:

    • Addiction medicine
    • Forensic psychology
    • Traffic safety research

    Background:

    • Opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment often involves methadone maintenance therapy (MMT).
    • Driving impairment and traffic safety are critical concerns for individuals with OUD.
    • Previous research on driving performance during MMT is limited and sometimes contradictory.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the motor vehicle driving records of former heroin users before and after initiating methadone maintenance.
    • To assess changes in traffic violations and accident involvement associated with MMT.
    • To inform policy regarding driving privileges for patients undergoing methadone treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of driving records for 104 former heroin users.

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  • Comparison of driving records during a 1-year period of heroin use versus a 1-year period of methadone maintenance.
  • Statistical analysis of convictions for speeding, negligent collisions, other moving violations, driving without a license, and accidents.

    • Main Results:

    • A statistically significant increase in speeding convictions was observed after admission to methadone maintenance compared to the period of heroin use.
    • No significant changes were found in convictions for negligent collisions, other moving violations, driving without a license, or accidents.
    • Accident involvement rates did not differ significantly from the general Texas licensed driver population.

    Conclusions:

    • Heroin users may exhibit slightly better driving records while on heroin, potentially due to increased caution to avoid arrest.
    • Methadone maintenance does not appear to significantly worsen overall driving safety, with the exception of increased speeding.
    • The study recommends against restricting driving privileges for individuals maintained on methadone.