Amino acid neurotransmitter utilization in discrete rat brain regions is correlated with conditioned emotional...

The content and utilization of amino acid neurotransmitters were evaluated in discrete brain areas of rats exposed to a conditioned emotional response (CER) procedure and in control groups which received either equivalent yoked shock history (shock only) or compound stimulus presentation (tone only). On test day, CER animals suppressed responding and exhibited anxious behavior after presentation of the CS, while shock only and tone only control groups, or CER animals which received an acute dose of diazepam prior to testing, did not suppress. Few changes were observed in the content of amino acids, suggesting that the behavioral manipulations were acting within normal physiological limits. On the other hand, numerous changes were observed in the utilization (turnover, metabolism) of the amino acid neurotransmitters. The effects of a history of shock presentation (shock only versus tone only) were persistent long after the conditioning sessions were terminated, and resulted in decreased turnover of the amino acids in many areas. CER conditioning-emotion (CER versus shock only) produced an increase in the turnover of aspartate and glutamate in many structures, while changes in GABA turnover were generally limited to decreases in limbic areas. If CER represents an animal model of anxiety, these observations may suggest roles for neurons which utilize amino acids in mediating or responding to emotional components of the paradigm.