An evaluation of the validity of the Freudian theory of paranoia

This paper evaluates the validity of the Freudian theory of paranoia on the basis of the available research evidence. This theory essentially states that delusional thinking arises as a result of the reaction-formation and projection of threatening unconscious homosexual wishes. It is concluded that a positive association between paranoid and homosexual tendencies has been found, but only for the case of male paranoid patients. The research leading to this conclusion has not, however, demonstrated that a defensive attempt against unconscious homosexual impulses causes delusional thinking. Rather, the argument is made that it is more parsimonious to assume that only the second step in the Freudian etiological mechanism, a continuous tension-reducing projection of the patient's threatening and intense hostility, need be invoked to account for paranoia.