Neuroendocrinology of cerebrospinal fluid: peptides, steroids, and other hormones

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been implicated as a conduit in neuroendocrine integration. Evidence suggests that the ventricular CSF may promote the central distribution, enable the dilutional inactivation (sink effect), and facilitate the peripheral delivery of neurally secreted hormones. This discussion of the sites of origin and concentration gradients of CSF hormones and of both physiological and pharmacological variations in the hormonal content of the CSF provides insight into the putative role of CSF in neuroendocrine regulation. Normal or control concentrations of peptides, steroids, and other hormones present in human lumbar CSF are listed to provide a physiological base line to which the CSF hormonal profile of patients may be compared. The individual, somatotopic, chronological, endocrinological, pharmacological, and possible artifactual variations in CSF hormonal composition are presented to facilitate the formulation of clinical protocols and to eliminate possible sources of error.