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Structure and evolution of ribosomes.

H G Wittmann

    Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
    |September 22, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Ribosomes, essential in all organisms, are composed of RNA and proteins. Studies reveal strong conservation of ribosomal RNA structures across evolution, alongside significant differences in ribosomal proteins between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

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    Trends in biochemical sciences·1989

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Biochemistry
    • Structural Biology

    Background:

    • Ribosomes are universal cellular organelles crucial for protein synthesis.
    • Escherichia coli ribosomes, comprising three RNAs and 53 proteins, are extensively characterized.
    • The complete primary structures of E. coli ribosomal RNAs and proteins are known.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the architecture and functional importance of ribosomal components.
    • To investigate the evolutionary conservation and divergence of ribosomal structures.
    • To understand the structure-function relationships of ribosomal proteins and RNAs.

    Main Methods:

    • Chemical, physical, and immunological characterization of ribosomal components.
    • Determination of primary, secondary, and tertiary structures using spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and NMR.

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  • Structural elucidation via cryo-electron microscopy, neutron scattering, crosslinking, and reconstitution.
  • Genetic analysis of mutants with altered ribosomal proteins.
  • Comparative analysis of ribosomal proteins and RNAs across species.

    • Main Results:

    • Detailed knowledge of E. coli ribosome composition and primary structures.
    • Insights into protein secondary and tertiary structures through experimental and predictive methods.
    • Advancements in understanding ribosomal particle architecture using multiple imaging and biochemical techniques.
    • Identification of key ribosomal proteins and their roles through mutant analysis.
    • Demonstration of strong homology in prokaryotic ribosomal proteins and RNA secondary structures, contrasting with weak prokaryotic-eukaryotic protein homology.

    Conclusions:

    • The structure of ribosomal RNA is highly conserved throughout evolution.
    • Ribosomal proteins show significant divergence between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
    • Comprehensive studies provide valuable insights into ribosome architecture and function.