Investigation of putative control mechanisms for thyroid growth

We have previously shown that the growth response of the rat thyroid to a sustained elevation of the serum level of TSH, induced by goitrogen administration, is self-limiting. This study investigated the possibility that this limitation of growth is due to the inhibitory action of a chalone secreted by the thyroid follicular cells, the serum concentration of which increases as the gland grows. Twenty-seven adult rats were treated with the goitrogen aminotriazole for 5 months to reach a 'plateau of growth'. One group of 9 rats was then subjected to hemithyroidectomy, another to a sham operation, while a third acted as unoperated controls. Four weeks later there was no significant difference between the groups in thyroid weight, follicular cell number or serum TSH. The absence of regeneration following hemithyroidectomy indicates that a systemically-circulating chalone does not play a role in the regulation of growth in the goitrous thyroid. Other mechanisms including the possible role of a 'local' chalone are briefly discussed.