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Is schizophrenia an infectious disease?

T J Crow

    Lancet (London, England)
    |January 22, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Genetic factors alone do not fully explain schizophrenia concordance rates. Physical proximity and potential viral transmission may also play significant roles in disease development.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychiatry
    • Genetics
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Genetic predisposition is recognized in schizophrenia.
    • Observed family concordance rates present unexplained variations.
    • Concordance rates differ between same-sex and different-sex twins/siblings, and within twin/sibling pairs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate factors beyond genetics influencing schizophrenia.
    • To explore the role of physical proximity in disease expression.
    • To examine evidence for transmission of schizophrenia.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of family concordance data, focusing on twin and sibling pairs.
    • Evaluation of findings related to primary versus secondary family relationships.
    • Review of familial and epidemiological evidence for disease transmission.

    Main Results:

    • Higher concordance rates in same-sex dizygotic twins/siblings compared to different-sex pairs.
    • Higher concordance in same-sex dizygotic twins than same-sex siblings.
    • Findings suggest disease expression is influenced by proximity within primary relationships.

    Conclusions:

    • Schizophrenia's etiology likely involves more than genetic predisposition.
    • Physical proximity to affected individuals may influence disease expression.
    • A viral transmission model, possibly with a six-month latency, is proposed for genetically predisposed individuals.

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