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St. Louis encephalitis--Florida 1977. Patterns of a widespread outbreak.

D B Nelson, K D Kappus, H T Janowski

    The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
    |March 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    An unusual St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) outbreak in Florida affected young males and lacked an urban focus. Early reporting of suspected cases is crucial for timely mosquito control.

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    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Public Health
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) is a mosquito-borne viral illness.
    • Epidemics typically exhibit distinct geographical and demographic patterns.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the characteristics of a significant St. Louis encephalitis outbreak in Florida.
    • To identify unusual features of the outbreak and inform future control strategies.

    Main Methods:

    • Active surveillance system involving hospital infection control officers.
    • Laboratory documentation of confirmed and presumptive St. Louis encephalitis cases.
    • Analysis of case demographics, geographical distribution, and epidemic period.

    Main Results:

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    • 110 laboratory-documented SLE cases occurred in central-south Florida from August to December 1977.
    • The outbreak lacked an urban focus, disproportionately affected young males, and extended into December.
    • No significant difference in attack rates between racial groups; males were significantly more affected than females.

    Conclusions:

    • The outbreak presented unusual characteristics for St. Louis encephalitis in the eastern US.
    • Timely reporting of clinically suspected SLE cases is essential for effective mosquito control.
    • Improved surveillance and reporting can enhance the timeliness of control measures in future outbreaks.