Pyroglutamate kinetics and neurotoxicity studies in mice

Plasma and brain kinetics of L-glutamic (GA) and L-pyroglutamic (PY) acids were studied after oral administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) or pyroglutamate to adult mice. Oral MSG (0.5 g/kg) increased plasma GA and PY levels 4.5 and 1.8 times, respectively. A small increase in brain PY (1.3 times the basal level) but not in brain GA, was observed. Oral administration of pyroglutamate (0.5 g/kg) increased plasma PY levels 56 times in adult mice and 69 times in infant mice. No lesions in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus were observed when pyroglutamate was administered orally to infant mice at doses of 2 and 4 g/kg.