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Trypanotolerance. an individual not a breed character.

G E Roelants, I Tamboura, D B Sidiki

|June 1, 1983

Summary

Trypanotolerance in cattle is not solely breed-dependent. Individual selection is crucial for identifying animals that can withstand trypanosome infections, even within supposedly tolerant breeds.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Parasitology
Animal Genetics
African Animal Trypanosomiasis

Background:

African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) poses a significant threat to cattle health and productivity in sub-Saharan Africa.
Breed designations for trypanotolerance, such as Zebu (trypanosensitive) and Baoulé (trypanotolerant), are commonly used but may oversimplify complex host resistance mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the individual variation in trypanotolerance within a supposedly trypanotolerant cattle breed (Baoulé) under natural Glossina challenge.
To determine if trypanotolerance is an inherent breed trait or an individual characteristic.

Main Methods:

Exposure of Zebu (n=10) and Baoulé (n=10) cattle to natural trypanosome infection in a high-Glossina density area.
Concurrent monitoring of Baoulé/Ndama crossbred cattle (n=7).
Assessment of parasitaemia, anaemia, and overall clinical condition.

Main Results:

Zebu cattle and 50% of Baoulé cattle succumbed to the infection within 6-11 weeks, exhibiting high parasitaemia and severe anaemia.
The remaining 50% of Baoulé cattle and Baoulé/Ndama crosses displayed minimal to no parasitaemia or anaemia, maintaining good health.
Significant variation in disease outcome was observed within the Baoulé breed.

Conclusions:

Trypanotolerance is not uniformly distributed across individuals within a breed.
Selection for resistance to trypanosomiasis should focus on individual animal assessment rather than relying solely on breed characteristics.
This highlights the importance of individual selection for breeding programs aimed at enhancing cattle resilience to AAT.

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