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Phosphorylation of nuclear proteins.

R A Laskey

    Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
    |July 5, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Nuclear protein phosphorylation, including histones and lamins, changes during the cell cycle, especially during mitosis. This process may regulate chromatin folding and nuclear structure.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cell Biology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Nuclear proteins like histones, non-histone chromosomal proteins, and nuclear lamins undergo phosphorylation.
    • The extent and pattern of protein phosphorylation vary significantly throughout the cell cycle.
    • Histone H1 phosphorylation increases sharply during mitosis, while histones H3, HMG 14, and lamins A, B, and C exhibit reversible phosphorylation during this phase.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of nuclear protein phosphorylation in cell cycle regulation.
    • To characterize nuclear kinases involved in mitotic phosphorylation.
    • To explore the functional implications of histone phosphorylation in chromatin structure.

    Main Methods:

    • Characterization of nuclear kinases, including those active during mitosis.
    • In vitro phosphorylation assays using histone H1.
    • Analysis of factors inducing chromosome condensation and nuclear membrane breakdown in amphibian oocytes and mammalian cells.

    Main Results:

    • Identification of a nuclear kinase whose activity increases during mitosis and phosphorylates histone H1.
    • Demonstration of factors in oocytes and mitotic cells that promote chromosome condensation and nuclear envelope breakdown.
    • Phosphorylation sites on histones within nucleosomes suggest a role in modulating chromatin folding.

    Conclusions:

    • Mitotic phosphorylation of nuclear proteins, particularly histones, is a key regulatory mechanism.
    • Specific nuclear kinases play crucial roles in orchestrating cell cycle events like chromosome condensation.
    • Histone phosphorylation is implicated in altering chromatin structure and function during mitosis.

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