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Drug-induced infertility.

J F Buchanan, L J Davis

    Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy
    |February 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Certain medications can cause infertility by affecting reproductive hormones or directly harming gonads. Factors like sex and age can influence drug-induced infertility risks.

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Endocrinology
    • Pharmacology
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Primary infertility is a significant clinical concern.
    • Drug-induced infertility is an underrecognized cause.
    • Understanding drug effects on the reproductive system is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review drugs associated with infertility.
    • To explore mechanisms of drug-induced infertility.
    • To highlight potential sex and age-related differences.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of drugs linked to infertility.
    • Analysis of drug effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.
    • Assessment of direct gonadal toxicity.
    Keywords:
    Age FactorsAlkaloidsAmenorrheaAntibioticsAntimetabolitesBiologyColchicineContraceptionContraceptive Agents, FemaleCyclophosphamideDiethylstilbestrolDiseasesDrugs--complicationsEstrogensExaminations And DiagnosesGenital Effects, FemaleGenitaliaGenitalia, FemaleHormonesInfertility--etiologyLaboratory Examinations And DiagnosesLaboratory ProceduresMedroxyprogesterone AcetateMenstrual Cycle--changesMenstruationMenstruation DisordersMustard CompoundsNitrogen Mustard CompoundsOral ContraceptivesOrganic ChemicalsPhysiologyReproductionReproductive Control AgentsSperm Count--analysisTreatment--complicationsUrogenital EffectsUrogenital System

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    Main Results:

    • Antineoplastic agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide, methotrexate) are key culprits.
    • Glucocorticosteroids, hormonal steroids, and certain antibiotics can impair fertility.
    • Other agents like spironolactone, cimetidine, colchicine, marihuana, opiates, and neuroleptics also pose risks.

    Conclusions:

    • A wide range of medications can lead to primary infertility.
    • Mechanisms include hormonal disruption and direct gonadal toxicity.
    • Awareness of drug-induced infertility is essential for patient counseling and management.