Specific effects of drugs at pressure: animal investigations

The interactions of anaesthetics and other drugs with high pressure suggest that protection against the high pressure neurological syndrome (h.p.n.s.) can no longer be considered in terms of generalized non-specific mechanisms. The evidence from our work shows that anaesthetics may either protect, have no effect, or potentiate h.p.n.s. Structural analogues of the steroid anaesthetic Althesin have a protective effect against high pressure tremors in spite of the fact that they have no anaesthetic effects. Low doses of flurazepam are effective against tremor but can be antagonized by Ro 15-1788, which implies in this case a role for the benzodiazepine receptor complex. Pressure interactions with other drugs have included the classic anticonvulsants--which, in general, were relatively ineffective--and various agents perturbing the balance of specific neurotransmitter systems. Representative examples from different studies include 6-hydroxydopamine, muscimol, and sodium valproate. Finally, the potent protection against h.p.n.s. by 2-amino-phosphonoheptanoic acid, an antagonist with preferential action against excitation produced by aspartate and N-methyl-D-aspartate, provides the first evidence that enhanced excitatory amino acid neurotransmission may have an important role in the h.p.n.s.