Serological evidence implicating Mycoplasma genitalium in pelvic inflammatory disease

31 women with acute pelvic inflammatory disease, in whom serum antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma hominis could not be detected, were examined for antibodies to Mycoplasma genitalium by a microimmunofluorescence technique. About 40% of them had a fourfold or greater change in the titre of antibody during the one-month period after the onset of disease. This evidence implicates M genitalium in the aetiology of pelvic inflammatory disease.