Subarachnoid empyemas. Considerations in connection with 55 cases

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Infectious Diseases
• Neurosurgery

Background:

• Subarachnoid empyema is a serious intracranial infection with complex pathogeny.
• Understanding its epidemiological and etiological characteristics is vital for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To delineate the nosologic framework of subarachnoid empyemas.
• To analyze incidence, demographics, pathogens, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective data analysis of subarachnoid empyema cases.
• Review of clinical, microbiological, and radiological findings.
• Evaluation of surgical interventions and mortality rates.

Main Results:

• Predominance in males (65.4%) and individuals in their second to fourth decades.
• Staphylococcus species identified as the primary pathogen (24.4%).
• Commonly observed syndromes include infectious, intracranial hypertension, neurological deficits, meningeal irritation, and psychical disturbances.
• Cerebral angiography yielded conclusive data in 88.5% of cases.
• Surgical treatment resulted in a 26% mortality rate.

Conclusions:

• Early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment, preferably via the bone-flap method, are essential.
• Complete eradication of the primary infectious focus is critical for successful patient outcomes.
• Subarachnoid empyema requires aggressive management due to its severity and potential for significant morbidity and mortality.