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Opioids, feeding, and anorexias.

G K Yim, M T Lowy

    Federation Proceedings
    |November 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Endogenous opioids (EOs) and opiate receptors significantly influence food intake. Opiate antagonists show promise for weight reduction by blocking overconsumption of palatable foods.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Behavioral Science
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Endogenous opioids (EOs) and their receptors play a crucial role in regulating food intake.
    • While the anorexic effects of opiate antagonists are recognized, the precise EOs, sites, and mechanisms involved are still under investigation.
    • Dynorphin, a kappa-type opiate receptor ligand, is increasingly implicated as a key appetite stimulant.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review recent research on the involvement of endogenous opioids and opiate receptors in controlling food intake.
    • To explore the potential of opiate antagonists in managing appetite and weight.
    • To elucidate the complex roles of various EOs in feeding behavior and pathological states.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing scientific literature focusing on endogenous opioids and food intake.
    • Analysis of studies investigating the effects of opiate antagonists on appetite and food consumption.
    • Examination of evidence linking specific opioid pathways (e.g., kappa, mu) to feeding regulation.

    Main Results:

    • Accumulating evidence points to dynorphin as a significant appetite stimulant.
    • EOs are involved in normal feeding and may contribute to overconsumption of fats in obese or stressed individuals.
    • Opiate antagonists effectively block the overconsumption of palatable foods, suggesting a role in weight management.
    • Both deficiency and excess of kappa-type opioid activity can lead to anorexia.
    • Mu-type opiate antagonists (e.g., naloxone) can paradoxically enhance eating in certain anorexic conditions.
    • Opioid agonist activity can result in either hyperphagia or anorexia, depending on the receptor type involved.

    Conclusions:

    • Endogenous opioids and opiate receptors are critical regulators of appetite and feeding behavior.
    • Opiate antagonists represent a potential therapeutic strategy for managing overeating and obesity.
    • Dysregulation of opioid pathways can lead to pathological feeding states, including anorexia and hyperphagia.
    • Targeting specific opiate receptor types may offer a way to normalize aberrant feeding behaviors.

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