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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis01:20

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis

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Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
The Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is typically initiated by tissue damage that exposes blood to tissue factor (TF), a protein released by the damaged tissue cells outside the blood vessels—this interaction with TF triggers biochemical reactions involving specific clotting factors. The key player here is Factor VII, which...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
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Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
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Coagulation01:09

Coagulation

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The coagulation phase is a critical part of the body's process to prevent blood loss following injury to blood vessels. It involves chemical reactions that form a clot to seal the injured area. The clotting process begins shortly after injury, within 15-20 seconds for severe damage and 1-2 minutes for minor injuries.
During the coagulation phase, clotting factors, or procoagulants, play a vital role in initiating and progressing the coagulation cascade. This cascade is a series of reactions...
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Updated: Jan 14, 2026

High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment
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High-resolution Melting PCR for Complement Receptor 1 Length Polymorphism Genotyping: An Innovative Tool for Alzheimer's Disease Gene Susceptibility Assessment

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Structure and activation of complement components C2 and factor B.

J Gagnon

    Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
    |September 6, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The classical and alternative complement pathways form C3 convertase enzymes using different components. These C3 convertases are homologous serine proteases with unique structures and activation mechanisms.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Complement activation involves distinct pathways leading to C3 convertase formation.
    • C3 convertases from classical and alternative pathways have different compositions but similar functions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the structural and functional relationship between C3 convertases from the classical and alternative complement pathways.
    • To determine if these enzymes represent a novel class of serine proteinases.

    Main Methods:

    • Amino acid sequencing of complement component Factor B.
    • Limited sequencing of CNBr-peptides from complement component C2.

    Main Results:

    • The amino acid sequence of Factor B was determined.
    • Partial sequence data was obtained for C2.
    • Homology was identified between Factor B and C2, suggesting a shared evolutionary origin.

    Conclusions:

    • C2 and Factor B, the catalytic components of the two C3 convertases, are homologous.
    • These enzymes represent a novel type of serine proteinase, distinct from known serine proteases due to their unusual structure and activation mechanisms.