Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
The Blood-brain Barrier00:49

The Blood-brain Barrier

Overview
Neurotransmitters01:30

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the communication between neurons in the autonomic nervous system. Neurons in the autonomic nervous system can be cholinergic or adrenergic depending on the neurotransmitters synthesized. Cholinergic neurons use acetylcholine as their primary neurotransmitter. This includes all the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic and pre- and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous systems. In addition, neurons of the somatic nervous system also use...
Neurotransmitters01:31

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters are essential chemical messengers within the nervous system, facilitating the communication between neurons. These chemical messengers, varying in function and effect, are critical for sustaining various aspects of neurological health and emotional well-being.
Organization of the Brain01:31

Organization of the Brain

The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

An investigation of cross striations and myosin filaments in muscle.

The Biological bulletin·2010
Same author

The growing importance of physics in the premedical and medical curriculums.

Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation·2010
Same author

Walle J. H. Nauta (8 June 1916-24 March 1994).

Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society·1995
Same author

Adventures in molecular biology.

Annual review of biophysics and biophysical chemistry·1985
Same author

Energy transduction in neuroscience.

Bio Systems·1977
Same author

Aharon Katchalsky the person. Summary remarks and personal recollections.

Advances in biological and medical physics·1977

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

A Human Blood-Brain Interface Model to Study Barrier Crossings by Pathogens or Medicines and Their Interactions with the Brain
07:52

A Human Blood-Brain Interface Model to Study Barrier Crossings by Pathogens or Medicines and Their Interactions with the Brain

Published on: April 9, 2019

Molecular regulators of brain function: a new view.

F O Schmitt

    Neuroscience
    |December 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Neurons are regulated by more than just neurotransmitters; a parallel parasynaptic system uses informational substances for versatile communication. This system offers plasticity beyond traditional synaptic connections.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Molecular Biology
    • Cellular Signaling

    Background:

    • Traditional neuroscience focuses on neurotransmitters and synaptic junctions for neuronal regulation.
    • Emerging research suggests a broader range of informational substances influence neuronal function.
    • DNA technology is continually discovering novel signaling molecules.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a hypothesis integrating known and novel informational substances in neuronal regulation.
    • To introduce the concept of a parasynaptic system operating alongside conventional synaptic circuitry.
    • To highlight the plasticity and versatility of this parasynaptic communication.

    Main Methods:

    • Conceptual framework development based on existing literature.

    More Related Videos

    Derivation, Expansion, Cryopreservation and Characterization of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
    08:04

    Derivation, Expansion, Cryopreservation and Characterization of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

    Published on: November 19, 2020

    Microdissection of Mouse Brain into Functionally and Anatomically Different Regions
    08:06

    Microdissection of Mouse Brain into Functionally and Anatomically Different Regions

    Published on: February 15, 2021

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 20, 2026

    A Human Blood-Brain Interface Model to Study Barrier Crossings by Pathogens or Medicines and Their Interactions with the Brain
    07:52

    A Human Blood-Brain Interface Model to Study Barrier Crossings by Pathogens or Medicines and Their Interactions with the Brain

    Published on: April 9, 2019

    Derivation, Expansion, Cryopreservation and Characterization of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
    08:04

    Derivation, Expansion, Cryopreservation and Characterization of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

    Published on: November 19, 2020

    Microdissection of Mouse Brain into Functionally and Anatomically Different Regions
    08:06

    Microdissection of Mouse Brain into Functionally and Anatomically Different Regions

    Published on: February 15, 2021

  • Categorization of known informational substances (transmitters, peptides, hormones, factors, proteins).
  • Integration of findings from DNA technology regarding new substance discovery.

    • Main Results:

    • Neurons are regulated by neurotransmitters and a diverse array of other informational substances.
    • A parasynaptic system, distinct from synaptic junctions, utilizes diffusion for signaling.
    • The parasynaptic system exhibits high selectivity, versatility, and plasticity.

    Conclusions:

    • The nervous system employs both synaptic and parasynaptic communication pathways.
    • Parasynaptic signaling contributes significantly to neuronal plasticity and functional regulation.
    • Understanding these diverse signaling mechanisms is crucial for advancing neuroscience.