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Neurotransmitters in dementia.

S Nakamura, K Koshimura, T Kato

    Clinical Therapeutics
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Neurotransmitter changes, including deficits in acetylcholine and dopamine, are observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. These findings suggest potential therapeutic targets for dementia prevention and treatment.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biochemistry
    • Neurology

    Background:

    • Dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), involves complex neurochemical alterations.
    • Understanding neurotransmitter system changes is crucial for developing effective treatments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate alterations in key neurotransmitter systems in patients with dementia, specifically senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT) and multi-infarct dementia (MID).
    • To correlate these changes with clinical and imaging data.

    Main Methods:

    • Measurement of choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity in brain tissue.
    • Assay of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum.
    • Quantification of homovanillic acid (HVA) and tetrahydrobiopterine (BPH4) in CSF.

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  • Detection of arginine-vasopressin in the cerebral cortex.

    • Main Results:

    • Reduced CAT activity in the cerebral cortex of SDAT patients, with higher activity in the nucleus basalis.
    • Decreased DBH activity in CSF of SDAT and MID patients; serum DBH decreased in SDAT, correlating with dementia severity and brain atrophy.
    • Lower HVA and BPH4 concentrations in CSF of SDAT patients, indicating reduced dopaminergic activity.
    • Absence of arginine-vasopressin in many cortical areas of demented patients.

    Conclusions:

    • SDAT is associated with deficits in acetylcholine, dopamine, noradrenaline, and vasopressin systems.
    • These neurotransmitter imbalances offer potential targets for novel therapeutic strategies and preventative measures for SDAT.