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Soluble group- and type-specific antigens from type III group B Streptococcus.

R B Carey, T K Eisenstein, G D Shockman

    Infection and Immunity
    |April 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers isolated two distinct soluble polysaccharide antigens from group B Streptococcus. These type-specific and group-specific antigens, crucial for understanding bacterial immunity, were purified using chromatography and gel filtration.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Immunochemistry
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a significant human pathogen.
    • Understanding GBS virulence factors and immune responses is critical for developing effective vaccines and treatments.
    • Polysaccharide antigens play a key role in GBS serotyping and host immunity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To isolate and characterize soluble type-specific and group-specific polysaccharide antigens from a type III group B Streptococcus strain.
    • To identify the immunodominant sugars within these polysaccharide antigens.
    • To confirm the immunological distinctness of the isolated type III and group B antigens.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation of soluble antigens from culture supernatant using anion-exchange chromatography (diethylaminoethyl-Sephacel).

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  • Purification of antigens via gel filtration.
  • Characterization of polysaccharide composition (sugars and sialic acid) using analytical methods.
  • Serological confirmation of antigen specificity using immunoelectrophoresis and counterimmunoelectrophoresis.

    • Main Results:

    • Two distinct soluble polysaccharide antigens were successfully isolated and purified.
    • The type III polysaccharide contained glucose, galactose, glucosamine, and sialic acid, with sialic acid as the major immunodeterminant.
    • The group B polysaccharide contained galactose, glucosamine, and rhamnose, with rhamnose as the immunodominant sugar.
    • Both antigens were immunologically distinct, showing specific reactivity with their respective antisera and no cross-reactivity.

    Conclusions:

    • Soluble type III and group B polysaccharide antigens can be effectively isolated from group B Streptococcus using mild chromatographic techniques.
    • Sialic acid is the primary immunodeterminant for the type III antigen, while rhamnose is crucial for the group B antigen.
    • The isolated antigens are immunologically distinct, providing valuable tools for GBS research and diagnostics.