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Pityriasis lichenoides, an immune complex disease?

W R Faber, T van Joost

Acta Dermato-Venereologica

|January 1, 1980

Summary

Direct immunofluorescence revealed complement (C3) deposits in most pityriasis lichenoides biopsies. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) deposits were rare, and immunoglobulin and C3 did not co-localize in vessel walls.

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Area of Science:

Dermatology
Immunopathology

Background:

Pityriasis lichenoides (PL) encompasses acute (PLA) and chronic (PLC) forms.
The immunopathogenesis of PL remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the presence and location of immunoglobulin and complement deposits in skin biopsies from patients with pityriasis lichenoides using direct immunofluorescence.

Main Methods:

Direct immunofluorescence technique was applied to nine skin biopsies from five patients with PLA and three biopsies from three patients with PLC.
Specific antibodies were used to detect immunoglobulin (including IgM) and complement (C3) deposition.

Main Results:

Complement (C3) deposits were observed along the dermo-epidermal junction in the majority of biopsies.
C3 deposits were also found in the vessel walls of some biopsies.
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) deposits along the dermo-epidermal junction were detected in only two biopsies.
Concomitant deposition of immunoglobulins and C3 within vessel walls was not observed.

Conclusions:

Complement deposition, particularly C3, at the dermo-epidermal junction and in vessel walls is a common finding in pityriasis lichenoides.
The limited presence of IgM and the absence of co-localized immunoglobulin and C3 in vessel walls suggest a non-immune complex-mediated mechanism in the majority of cases.

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