Products of gynaecological neoplasms: clinical and pathological applications

Alphafetoprotein is at present the only 'antigen' of proved clinical value in gynaecological neoplasia. Its synthesis and release by a particular type of germ cell tumour (yolk sac, endodermal sinus tumour) present alone or as part of a teratoma approaches many of the essential criteria of a utopian tumour marker. Unfortunately, none of the other recognised 'antigens' expressed and/or released by gynaecological tumours and which have been adequately assessed in the clinical situation, seem to represent laboratory adjuncts essential for adequate patient care at present. Further research is needed to define other factors if this approach to improving diagnosis and management is to succeed.