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Blood group antigens acquired from the plasma
Progress in Clinical and Biological Research
|January 1, 1980
Summary
Plasma antigens contribute to red cell phenotypes, including glycolipids (ABH, Lewis) and glycoproteins (Chido, Rodgers). These acquired antigens, particularly type 1 ABH, can cause false positives in blood testing and lymphocytotoxic reactions.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Transfusion Medicine
- Genetics
Background:
- Plasma contains antigens not synthesized by red blood cell precursors.
- These antigens, such as ABH, Lewis, Chido, and Rodgers, influence red cell phenotype.
- Antigen type (glycolipid or glycoprotein) and source (intrinsic or acquired) are critical.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the role of plasma-derived antigens in red cell phenotype.
- To explain the mechanism of acquired antigen expression on red cells and lymphocytes.
- To clarify implications for blood group serology and transfusion reactions.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of antigen synthesis and expression in plasma and red cells.
- Investigation of genetic influences (secretor and Lewis genes) on plasma antigen levels.
- Characterization of antigen types (type 1 vs. type 2 glycolipids) and their detection by antibodies.
Main Results:
- Plasma antigens, like type 1 ABH and Lewis glycolipids, can be acquired by red cells and lymphocytes.
- Acquired type 1 ABH antigens are detected by specific antibodies (e.g., group O anti-A).
- Chido and Rodgers glycoprotein antigens are acquired by red cells upon complement activation.
Conclusions:
- Plasma-derived antigens significantly impact red cell and lymphocyte phenotypes.
- Understanding acquired antigen expression is crucial for accurate blood grouping and interpreting serological findings.
- This phenomenon can lead to misidentification of antibodies and unexpected transfusion reactions.