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Human alpha 1-microglobulin levels in various body fluids.

K Takagi, K Kin, Y Itoh

    Journal of Clinical Pathology
    |August 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Alpha 1-microglobulin (A1M) levels are elevated in patients with renal failure, correlating with creatinine and beta 2-microglobulin. A1M is also found in various bodily fluids, with distinct concentrations in each.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Clinical Chemistry
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Alpha 1-microglobulin (A1M) is a protein found in serum and urine.
    • Its physiological levels vary across different age groups and in certain disease states.
    • Understanding A1M distribution is crucial for diagnostic applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify alpha 1-microglobulin (A1M) levels in various biological fluids.
    • To investigate the correlation of A1M with renal function markers.
    • To explore the presence of A1M in non-blood/urine samples.

    Main Methods:

    • Single radial immunodiffusion was used to measure A1M in serum and urine.
    • Ouchterlony immunodiffusion identified A1M in synovial fluid, ascites, pleural effusion, amniotic fluid, cyst fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid.
    • Radioimmunoassay was employed for A1M quantification in cerebrospinal fluid.

    Main Results:

    • Mean A1M levels were established for normal serum, urine, and cord blood.
    • Significantly elevated A1M levels were observed in serum and urine of renal failure patients.
    • A1M concentrations were determined in synovial fluid, ascites, pleural effusion, amniotic fluid, cyst fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid.

    Conclusions:

    • Elevated serum and urine A1M are indicative of renal failure.
    • Serum A1M correlates with serum creatinine and beta 2-microglobulin in renal failure.
    • Alpha 1-microglobulin is a ubiquitous protein present in diverse human bodily fluids.

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